By Dr. Sharine Alice VMD, CMVCR1117
Infectious anemia in cats, often referred to as feline infectious anemia (FIA), is a potentially serious condition caused by a microscopic blood parasite. While the term may sound alarming, understanding what it is and how it affects our feline friends is the first step in protecting them.
What Causes Infectious Anemia?
The most common cause of FIA is a bacterium called Mycoplasma haemofelis. This organism attaches itself to the surface of red blood cells, triggering the cat’s immune system to destroy the infected cells. As more red blood cells are lost, the cat becomes anemic, meaning they don’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body.
How Do Cats Get It?
FIA is typically transmitted through biting insects, such as fleas or ticks. It can also spread between cats through fighting, particularly via bite wounds. In some cases, it may be transmitted from mother to kitten, or through blood transfusions if proper screening isn’t performed.
What Are the Symptoms?
Signs of infectious anemia can vary from mild to severe. The most common symptoms include:
Lethargy (unusual tiredness)
Pale gums
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Rapid breathing
Fever (especially early on)
In more advanced cases, cats may collapse or show signs of jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually requires a combination of a physical exam, blood tests, and sometimes specialized PCR testing to detect the presence of Mycoplasma haemofelis in the bloodstream. A complete blood count (CBC) will often show anemia and other changes that support the diagnosis.
Can It Be Treated?
Yes, treatment is available and can be very effective if started early. Most cats respond well to antibiotics such as doxycycline, which help clear the infection. In more severe cases, supportive care, like intravenous fluids or even a blood transfusion, might be necessary.
Some cats may become carriers of the organism even after treatment, meaning they may not show symptoms but could still spread the infection. For this reason, ongoing veterinary monitoring is important.
Can It Be Prevented?
While there is no vaccine for FIA, prevention focuses on good parasite control. Keeping your cat free from fleas and ticks is one of the best ways to reduce their risk. If your cat goes outdoors or lives with other cats, regular vet checkups and parasite prevention are essential.
Infectious anemia in cats is a manageable condition when detected early. If your cat seems unusually tired, has pale gums, or isn’t eating like usual, don’t wait—contact your veterinarian.
Your cat’s health is always worth a closer look.
Dr. Sharine Alice VMD, CMVCR1117
Playa Hermosa, Guanacaste
WhatsApp: (506) 8307-84000
